76 research outputs found
Spectral Ranking Inferences based on General Multiway Comparisons
This paper studies the performance of the spectral method in the estimation
and uncertainty quantification of the unobserved preference scores of compared
entities in a very general and more realistic setup in which the comparison
graph consists of hyper-edges of possible heterogeneous sizes and the number of
comparisons can be as low as one for a given hyper-edge. Such a setting is
pervasive in real applications, circumventing the need to specify the graph
randomness and the restrictive homogeneous sampling assumption imposed in the
commonly-used Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) or Plackett-Luce (PL) models.
Furthermore, in the scenarios when the BTL or PL models are appropriate, we
unravel the relationship between the spectral estimator and the Maximum
Likelihood Estimator (MLE). We discover that a two-step spectral method, where
we apply the optimal weighting estimated from the equal weighting vanilla
spectral method, can achieve the same asymptotic efficiency as the MLE. Given
the asymptotic distributions of the estimated preference scores, we also
introduce a comprehensive framework to carry out both one-sample and two-sample
ranking inferences, applicable to both fixed and random graph settings. It is
noteworthy that it is the first time effective two-sample rank testing methods
are proposed. Finally, we substantiate our findings via comprehensive numerical
simulations and subsequently apply our developed methodologies to perform
statistical inferences on statistics journals and movie rankings
Conversion therapy with immunotherapy plus chemotherapy achieves a pathological complete response in stage IIIC NSCLC
As stage IIIC non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not recommended for surgical resection, the survival and prognosis for stage IIIC NSCLC remain poor. More powerful and individualized therapies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of stage IIIC NSCLC. Recently, immunotherapeutics have been increasingly considered in the neoadjuvant therapy of NSCLC. This study presents a patient with stage IIIC NSCLC achieving a pathological complete response (pCR) following conversion therapy with immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. This case also presents a histologic transformation from squamous cell carcinoma to adenocarcinoma after prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) following surgery. Collectively, this case suggests that conversion immunotherapy with chemotherapy and subsequent surgery can be considered and benefits a subset of unresectable stage IIIC NSCLC
Bag of Tricks for Training Data Extraction from Language Models
With the advance of language models, privacy protection is receiving more
attention. Training data extraction is therefore of great importance, as it can
serve as a potential tool to assess privacy leakage. However, due to the
difficulty of this task, most of the existing methods are proof-of-concept and
still not effective enough. In this paper, we investigate and benchmark tricks
for improving training data extraction using a publicly available dataset.
Because most existing extraction methods use a pipeline of
generating-then-ranking, i.e., generating text candidates as potential training
data and then ranking them based on specific criteria, our research focuses on
the tricks for both text generation (e.g., sampling strategy) and text ranking
(e.g., token-level criteria). The experimental results show that several
previously overlooked tricks can be crucial to the success of training data
extraction. Based on the GPT-Neo 1.3B evaluation results, our proposed tricks
outperform the baseline by a large margin in most cases, providing a much
stronger baseline for future research. The code is available at
https://github.com/weichen-yu/LM-Extraction.Comment: ICML 202
A Molecular Design Approach Towards Elastic and Multifunctional Polymer Electronics
Next-generation wearable electronics require enhanced mechanical robustness and device complexity. Besides previously reported softness and stretchability, desired merits for practical use include elasticity, solvent resistance, facile patternability and high charge carrier mobility. Here, we show a molecular design concept that simultaneously achieves all these targeted properties in both polymeric semiconductors and dielectrics, without compromising electrical performance. This is enabled by covalently-embedded in-situ rubber matrix (iRUM) formation through good mixing of iRUM precursors with polymer electronic materials, and finely-controlled composite film morphology built on azide crosslinking chemistry which leverages different reactivities with C–H and C=C bonds. The high covalent crosslinking density results in both superior elasticity and solvent resistance. When applied in stretchable transistors, the iRUM-semiconductor film retained its mobility after stretching to 100% strain, and exhibited record-high mobility retention of 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 after 1000 stretching-releasing cycles at 50% strain. The cycling life was stably extended to 5000 cycles, five times longer than all reported semiconductors. Furthermore, we fabricated elastic transistors via consecutively photo-patterning of the dielectric and semiconducting layers, demonstrating the potential of solution-processed multilayer device manufacturing. The iRUM represents a molecule-level design approach towards robust skin-inspired electronics
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